The treatment of the aged poor in five selected West Kent parishes from Settlement to Speenhamland (1662-1797)

This thesis breaks new ground in Poor Law Studies. It isolates for detailed scrutiny the treatment of a particular social group, the aged poor. Traditional sources have been approached for new answers to new questions, and in so doing, new methods of source exploitation have been evolved and utilised. The sources have been asked to provide information about dependent old age; the relationship between poverty and the length of the working life; sex differences; the proportion of the population which ended life as parish paupers. Key research has centred around the parish pension, its function, size and real value; crucially, the ability or otherwise of the pensioner to subsist on it. Consideration has also been given to the other components of the network of relief measures adopted by the parishes; relief in kind; housing and the standard of living; medical and nursing care; the role of the workhouse. The investigation has been carried beyond the limits of relief provided by the mechanisms of the Old Poor Law alone, to include external supportive agencies, such as the support of family and charity, which includes both charitable trusts and indiscriminate giving. Some light is thrown on ways the aged contributed to their own maintenance. The thesis tests the general hypothesis that all these various supportive systems produced an interlocking apparatus which involved the whole community in the support of the old, while to discuss their treatment within the limits of the poor law only, results in a narrow, incomplete and distorted narrative, serving only to perpetuate the traditional historical view of a harsh, punitive treatment, needing reassessment in the light of recent historical developments

Alien Registration- Johnson, Mary (Allagash, Aroostook County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/32257/thumbnail.jp

Why is changing health-related behaviour so difficult?

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate that six common errors made in attempts to change behaviour have prevented the implementation of the scientific evidence base derived from psychology and sociology; to suggest a new approach which incorporates recent developments in the behavioural sciences. STUDY DESIGN: The role of health behaviours in the origin of the current epidemic of non-communicable disease is observed to have driven attempts to change behaviour. It is noted that most efforts to change health behaviours have had limited success. This paper suggests that in policy-making, discussions about behaviour change are subject to six common errors and that these errors have made the business of health-related behaviour change much more difficult than it needs to be. METHODS: Overview of policy and practice attempts to change health-related behaviour. RESULTS: The reasons why knowledge and learning about behaviour have made so little progress in alcohol, dietary and physical inactivity-related disease prevention are considered, and an alternative way of thinking about the behaviours involved is suggested. This model harnesses recent developments in the behavioural sciences. CONCLUSION: It is important to understand the conditions preceding behaviour psychologically and sociologically and to combine psychological ideas about the automatic and reflective systems with sociological ideas about social practice.This is the author accepted manuscript. It is currently under an indefinite embargo pending publication by Elsevier

Mentoring, coaching and supervision

This chapter considers the purpose of coaching, mentoring and supervision in early childhood eduaction and care. It examines a number of different approaches and considers the key skills required for effective coaching, mentoring and supervision

Crepant resolutions, mutations, and the space of potentials

The McKay correspondence has had much success in studying resolutions of 3-fold quotient singularities through a wide range of tools coming from geometry, combinatorics, and representation theory. We develop a computational perspective in this setting primarily realised through a web application to explore mutations of quivers with potential and crepant triangulations. We use this to study flops between different crepant resolutions of Gorenstein toric quotient singularities and find many situations in which the mutations of a quiver with potential classifies them. The application also implements key constructions of the McKay correspondence, including the Craw--Reid procedure and the process of associating a quiver to a toric resolution.Comment: 16 pages, 9 figures; comments welcome

A Nonconforming Finite Element Method for the 2D Vector Laplacian

The vector Laplacian presents difficulties in finite element ap- proximation. It is well known that for nonconvex domains, H1- conforming approximation spaces form a closed subspace of the solution space H(div; Ω) ∩ H(curl; Ω). Hence H1-conforming approximations will fail to converge. This is problematic as it is highly difficult to construct more general finite dimensional ap- proximation spaces for this space. We will present an extension of a nonconforming method introduced by Brenner et al. The method was originally given for P1-nonconforming spaces in two dimensions. Our extension is given for degree r polynomials, but which agrees with the preceding method for the lowest degree case. The extended method is a hybridization with equivalent 1-field, 2-field, and 3-field formulations.The regularity of the solution, and the corresponding con- vergence estimates are obtained in terms of weighted Sobolev spaces, and numerical results are presented

Hidden meanings of Sheffield's river landscapes : an exploration of how phenomenological philosophy can provide a basis for understanding landscape meaning in landscape architecture theory and contribute to the use and development of the concept of dwelling in landscape practice and research.

This thesis combines the study of a philosophical approach to landscape with an exploration of experience in landscape. It explores the perspective of phenomenology, in particular that defined by Merleau-Ponty, as an approach to understanding relationships with landscapes. This unveils meanings and values in landscapes hidden by other approaches, and suggests how an understanding of dialogue, time and embodiment, with, in and within landscape, can improve and enhance landscape architecture theory and practice. A critique is offered of the ways Enlightenment thinking and its dualisms have influenced approaches in the Landscape discipline, in particular the attitude of the master, the disembodied visual, and the predominance of spatial dimensions. Through an extensive literature review these effects are studied in relation to three problematic themes in Landscape- Nature, Beauty and Time. These related to a phenomenological perspective suggest new approaches to landscape, based on human embodiment, practiced in the concept of Dwelling. Dwelling is defined as a process of immersion and not separation from a position in landscape situated in space and time; it leads to engagement with nature which ultimately leads to care - Heidegger's "concernful dealing with the world". The possibilities for dwelling, or for "Being in the landscape", are explored in four research projects in Sheffield's river landscapes, adopting a methodology drawn from phenomenology. Experience is revealed in moving through the landscape, and sensing with more than one sense together; the subjective view of the researcher is tempered with the subjectivity of others, to produce an intersubjectivity. Stories, the recounting of interpreted events, is a way people express meaning and value, tell of attachment and belonging to landscape, and show freedom from controlling influences and structures. Following concluding assessments of the research and methodology, the study points to ways its findings may redirect and strengthen landscape theory and practice towards an attitude and practice of dwelling

The development of an all quadrilateral boundary conforming grid generator for high order finite element methods

A grid generator is developed that produces all quadrilateral meshes. The scheme is automated to work for arbitrary choice of geometry. In addition, a Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline curve fitter is implemented to replicate the curvature of the geometries. The grid elements on the boundaries conform to the curved structure to support high order accuracy for a finite element scheme. Various geometries are used to test the robustness and generality of the meshing algorithm. The initial problems that were encountered are discussed and the solutions explained. The speed of the algorithm is discussed together with the effect of grid and geometry size on runtime. A finite element solver is used to validate the grids. The order of accuracy of the scheme is demonstrated for quadrilateral grids and increased order is compared with a refined grid study